【摘要】 目的: 通过脊椎标本的离体试验比较椎体后凸成形术与椎体成形术治疗椎体压缩性骨折的效果。方法: 20个骨质疏松性脊椎标本,相邻脊椎配对后随机分配到球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术组(KP组)及椎体成形术组(VP组)。椎体轴向加载后复制成压缩性骨折模型。两组标本分别按照KP或VP标准技术注入骨水泥。观察椎体原始状态、复制骨折模型及KP或VP治疗后的椎体高度,同时行CT扫描,观察骨折复位、骨水泥分布及渗漏情况。结果: KP组可恢复骨折椎体丢失高度的88%;VP组仅恢复29%,差异显著(P<0.01)。KP组骨水泥在椎体内的分布呈团块状,未发现有骨水泥外渗漏;而VP组骨水泥分布不规则,4个椎体标本出现骨水泥外渗漏。结论: 对于体外椎体骨折模型椎体高度的恢复和减少骨水泥渗漏,KP明显优于VP。
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E6].N(wDf0【关键词】 骨质疏松症; 脊椎骨折; 椎体后凸成形术; 椎体成形术
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h.?8v t [Abstract] Objective: To compare kyphoplasty(KP) or vertebroplasty(VP) in treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures by an in vitro experiment.Methods: Twenty osteoporotic vertebrae were randomly assigned to KP or VP group after pairing of adjacently vertebral bodies. Vertebral compression fracture models were created by axial loading, then kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty were performed on both groups respectively. The vertebral height of initial samples, fracture models and postoperative vertebral bodies were observed, while the character of bone cement distributing in vertebral body and the event of bone cement leakage from vertebral body were compared from computerized tomography scaning pictures. Results: The kyphoplasty treatment resulted in significant restoration(88%) of vertebral body height lost after compression, whereas vertebroplasty treatment resulted in a significantly lower restoration of lost height(28%),the difference was significant(P<0.01). In KP group, the cement distribution was agglomerate in vertebral bodies, no leakage was found. But in VP group, the cement distribution was irregular and cement leakage events were found in 4 vertebral models. Conclusion: Kyphoplasty was superior to vertebroplasty in restoring vertebral body height with a lower incidence rate of cement extravasation.
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g _H)j#PK0 [Key words] osteoporosis; spinal fracture; kyphoplasty; vertebroplasty
WiOgwa0ZDdQY6EP0 椎体后凸成形术(kyphoplasty,KP)与椎体成形术(vertebroplasty,VP)是微创治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的两种技术。主要适应证是骨质疏松椎体压缩骨折、椎体血管瘤及椎体转移性肿瘤[1-3]。为比较两者的优劣,作者进行了实验研究。选用骨质疏松的椎体标本,经材料试验机轴向加载,制造椎体压缩性骨折模型。采用椎体进行椎体后凸成形术或椎体成形术向椎体内注入PMMA骨水泥,观察比较两种方法在椎体高度恢复、骨水泥分布及骨水泥渗漏方面的不同。
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Q8U0t+w*T}(j0 1 材料和方法
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中国论文网T0o3_XNEG)d%K9e!\;HL.[|^0 选择甲醛浸泡的5具老年女性尸体胸腰段脊柱标本(江苏大学人体解剖实验室提供),年龄66~78岁,平均(72.8±5.7)岁。均摄正侧位X 线片,以排除先天性畸形、骨折、肿瘤。每具标本取胸11、胸12、腰1、腰2脊椎,切除两旁肌肉软组织,保留部分椎弓根去除椎体后部结构,两端切除椎间盘,制成20个单椎体标本。根据配对设计,将连续的2个椎体标本配对(胸11-胸12,腰1-腰2 )后交叉分配到球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术组(KP组)和椎体成形术组(VP组)。然后用生理盐水纱布包裹,编号放置于密封塑料袋中待用。
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f f 1.2 实验方法
hIhFY8m0$t}W:y3xc(g!K5Q h0 1.2.1 测量各椎体前、后、左、右高度,计算平均值 用牙托粉包埋椎体上下终板,使其呈平行平面,包埋厚度3~5 mm。将各椎体放置在WDW?200微机控制电子万能试验机测试平台上,椎体中心轴线与试验机测试平台中心相一致,先用载荷90 N预载2 min,然后采用位移控制方式轴向加载,速度5 mm/min,压缩椎体平均高度的25%停止,制造椎体压缩骨折模型[4]。
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C8w]!P.B@;n)fx 1.2.2 椎体后凸成形术 KP组在C形臂X线机监视下,按照临床椎体后凸成形术操作步骤完成手术。可扩张球囊管经双侧工作套管放入骨折椎体,注入X线显影剂碘海醇同时扩张两侧球囊,根据以下三点停止扩张:①椎体复位满意;②球囊壁达椎体四周骨皮质; ③球囊扩张体积不超过3 ml。记录球囊扩张体积。按粉(g)/液(ml)/对比剂(ml,碘海醇)3∶2∶1,调配骨水泥,将调配好的骨水泥在团状期经金属活塞式注入器推注入椎体内。骨水泥注射量,在球囊扩张体积基础上增加1~2 ml。
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